Tag: welding consumables

  • MIG Welding Wire Selection Guide 2025 | ER70S-6 vs ER70S-3 Specs

    MIG Welding Wire Selection Guide 2025 | ER70S-6 vs ER70S-3 Specs

    MIG wire selection affects weld quality, spatter levels, and penetration depth. Choosing the right wire depends on base metal composition, surface condition, and shielding gas—not just diameter and tensile strength.

    Common MIG Wire Classifications

    ER70S-6 (Most Common)

    • Deoxidizers: Manganese, silicon
    • Tensile strength: 70,000 PSI minimum
    • Best for: Dirty or rusty steel, single-pass welds, general fabrication
    • Shielding gas: 75/25 Ar/CO₂ or 100% CO₂
    • Spatter level: Moderate

    ER70S-3

    • Deoxidizers: Lower manganese and silicon than ER70S-6
    • Tensile strength: 70,000 PSI minimum
    • Best for: Clean steel, multi-pass welds, automotive sheet metal
    • Shielding gas: 75/25 Ar/CO₂ (100% CO₂ not recommended)
    • Spatter level: Low

    ER308L (Stainless Steel)

    • Composition: 19-21% chromium, 9-11% nickel
    • Best for: 304/304L stainless steel
    • Shielding gas: 90/10 Ar/CO₂ or tri-mix (He/Ar/CO₂)
    • Corrosion resistance: Excellent

    ER316L (Stainless Steel)

    • Composition: 18-20% chromium, 11-14% nickel, 2-3% molybdenum
    • Best for: 316/316L stainless, marine environments, chemical processing
    • Shielding gas: 90/10 Ar/CO₂ or tri-mix
    • Corrosion resistance: Superior (molybdenum addition)

    Wire Diameter Selection

    DiameterAmperage RangeMaterial ThicknessTypical Use
    0.023”30-130A24-18 gaugeAutomotive sheet metal, thin tubing
    0.030”40-145A18-14 gaugeGeneral fabrication, light structural
    0.035”50-180A14 gauge-1/4”Most common all-purpose size
    0.045”75-250A1/4”-1/2”Heavy structural, thick plate
    0.052”100-300A1/2”+Industrial fabrication, heavy equipment

    Rule of thumb: Thinner wire = better control on thin material. Thicker wire = faster deposition on heavy plate.

    Shielding Gas Impact on Wire Performance

    75/25 Argon/CO₂ (C25)

    • Pros: Low spatter, smooth arc, good bead appearance
    • Cons: Higher cost than 100% CO₂
    • Best for: ER70S-3, ER70S-6, stainless steel

    100% CO₂

    • Pros: Deep penetration, low cost
    • Cons: Higher spatter, rougher arc
    • Best for: ER70S-6 on thick steel (not recommended for ER70S-3)

    90/10 Argon/CO₂

    • Pros: Minimal spatter, excellent for stainless
    • Cons: Shallow penetration on carbon steel
    • Best for: ER308L, ER316L stainless wire

    Surface Condition Requirements

    Wire TypeMill ScaleLight RustHeavy RustClean Steel
    ER70S-6
    ER70S-3
    ER308L
    ER316L

    ER70S-6 advantage: Higher deoxidizers clean impurities during welding. ER70S-3 requires clean base metal to avoid porosity.

    AWS Filler Metal Specifications

    AWS A5.18 (Carbon Steel MIG Wire) – Covers ER70S-3, ER70S-6, and other carbon steel wires – Defines chemical composition, tensile strength, and elongation requirements

    AWS A5.9 (Stainless Steel MIG Wire) – Covers ER308L, ER316L, and other stainless wires – Specifies corrosion resistance and ferrite content

    Wire Storage & Handling

    Moisture Contamination – Causes: Porosity, hydrogen cracking – Prevention: Store in sealed containers with desiccant packs – Shelf life: 12 months (carbon steel), 6 months (stainless)

    Wire Feed Issues – Kinked wire = erratic arc and bird-nesting – Solution: Use proper spool tension and liner size

    Liner Compatibility

    Wire DiameterLiner Inside Diameter
    0.023”-0.030”0.030”-0.035”
    0.035”0.035”-0.045”
    0.045”0.045”-0.052”
    0.052”0.052”-0.062”

    Oversized liner = wire wander. Undersized liner = excessive friction and burnback.

    Common Mistakes

    Using ER70S-3 on rusty steel
    Low deoxidizers can’t compensate for surface contamination. Result: porosity and weak welds. Use ER70S-6 or clean the base metal.

    Wrong liner size for wire diameter
    0.035” wire in 0.045” liner causes erratic feeding. Match liner to wire diameter within 0.005”-0.010”.

    Storing stainless wire without moisture protection
    Stainless wire absorbs moisture faster than carbon steel. Always use sealed containers with desiccant.

    Buying Checklist

    • ✓ Wire classification matches base metal (ER70S-6 for dirty steel, ER70S-3 for clean)
    • ✓ Diameter suits material thickness and amperage range
    • ✓ Shielding gas compatible with wire type
    • ✓ AWS A5.18 or A5.9 certification marked on spool
    • ✓ Liner size matches wire diameter
    • ✓ Storage container includes moisture protection
    • ✓ Spool size fits your machine (2 lb, 10 lb, 33 lb, 44 lb)

  • 6010 Electrode vs 7018 Electrode: What Welders Need to Know

    6010 Electrode vs 7018 Electrode: What Welders Need to Know

    6010 and 7018 are two of the most widely used stick electrodes in the welding industry—but they serve very different purposes. One is built for speed, penetration, and root passes. The other is designed for high strength, low hydrogen, and structural work.

    If you’ve ever wondered “Which rod should I use?” this guide breaks down the differences in arc characteristics, penetration, polarity, strength, and code applications.


    Key Takeaways

    • 6010 = deep penetration, fast-freeze, open-root king
    • 7018 = high-strength, low-hydrogen, structural standard
    • 6010 runs on DCEP only (most cases)
    • 7018 runs on DCEP or AC depending on formulation
    • 6010 great for pipe roots; 7018 dominates final passes and code work
    • 7018 requires low-hydrogen storage (rod oven)

    Electrode Number Meaning

    Understanding the AWS code helps explain performance.

    6010

    • 60 → 60,000 psi tensile strength
    • 1 → all positions
    • 0 → cellulose sodium coating (deep penetration)

    7018

    • 70 → 70,000 psi tensile strength
    • 1 → all positions
    • 8 → low-hydrogen iron powder coating

    Arc Characteristics

    6010

    • Aggressive, digging arc
    • Deep penetration on dirty, rusty, or painted steel
    • Fast-freeze puddle (good for open roots)
    • Tight, narrow bead
    • Strong keyhole control

    7018

    • Smooth, stable arc
    • Softer puddle with less digging
    • Easy to stack uniform, wide beads
    • Higher deposition rate
    • Excellent appearance

    Penetration & Puddle Behavior

    Feature60107018
    PenetrationVery deepModerate
    PuddleFast-freezeFill/freezer hybrid
    SlagLight, flakyThick, easy-peel
    Cleaning ToleranceExcellentNeeds clean steel

    Polarity Requirements

    6010

    • Runs best on DCEP (reverse polarity)
    • Many brands only run correctly on DCEP

    7018

    • Runs on DCEP
    • Many versions available as AC-only rods
    • 7018AC designed for buzz-box machines

    Strength & Mechanical Properties

    Property60107018
    Tensile Strength60 ksi70 ksi
    Hydrogen LevelHighLow (low-hydrogen class)
    DuctilityHighExcellent
    Code WorkLimitedStandard for structural, pressure pipe

    Best Applications

    6010 – Use When You Need:

    • Root passes on pipe
    • Welding through mill scale or contaminants
    • Deep penetration on structural members
    • Open-gap joints
    • Fast, controlled root keyholing

    7018 – Use When You Need:

    • Final passes on structural work
    • Code-quality welds (AWS D1.1, ASME, etc.)
    • High-strength welds with low hydrogen
    • Clean steel
    • Smooth, aesthetically clean beads

    Storage & Handling Differences

    6010

    • No rod oven required
    • Tolerates moisture well

    7018

    • Must be stored in a rod oven after opening
    • Cannot be used if exposed to moisture
    • Hydrogen pickup increases crack risk

    Which One Should You Use?

    Use 6010 if:

    • You’re doing pipe roots
    • The steel is dirty or rusty
    • You need fast-freeze control
    • You need maximum penetration

    Use 7018 if:

    • You’re doing structural or pressure code work
    • You need low-hydrogen welds
    • You want smooth, strong cap passes
    • The steel is clean and prepped

    Most pipeline welders run 6010 for roots and 7018 for hot passes and caps.


    Where to Buy Electrodes

    ArcWeld Store:
    6010

    7018

    Disclosure: This article contains affiliate links. As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases.


    Safety Notes (AWS/ANSI References)

    • Follow ANSI Z49.1 for SMAW PPE and ventilation
    • Wear Z87.1-rated eye and face protection
    • Use proper ventilation—stick welding generates significant fumes
    • Handle 7018 rods per AWS low-hydrogen storage guidelines
    • Avoid welding 7018 rods that have absorbed moisture

    FAQ

    Can you run 6010 on AC?
    Some machines attempt it, but results are inconsistent. DCEP is required for proper performance.

    Is 7018 stronger than 6010?
    Yes. 7018 is a 70 ksi tensile electrode vs. 60 ksi for 6010.

    Can beginners start with 7018?
    7018 is easier to run cleanly, but its slag can hide defects. 6010 teaches puddle control.

    What rod is best for dirty steel?
    6010—hands down.

  • Washington Alloy THF-700HT Hard-Face MIG Wire Review (2025): Built for Wear Resistance

    Washington Alloy THF-700HT Hard-Face MIG Wire Review (2025): Built for Wear Resistance

    Intro
    Hard-facing wire doesn’t just join metal — it rebuilds it. Washington Alloy’s THF-700HT flux-cored MIG wire is engineered for abrasion resistance and metal recovery in industrial repair work. From loader buckets to crusher parts, this wire keeps production moving where standard filler metals fail.


    Key Takeaways

    • Type: Flux-cored hard-facing wire (gas-shielded).
    • Composition: Iron-based alloy with chromium and carbon for wear protection.
    • Diameter / Spool: .045 in (1.1 mm) × 33 lb (15 kg).
    • Hardness: ~55–60 HRC after cooling — ideal for metal-to-metal wear.
    • Applications: Earth-moving equipment, agricultural blades, crusher rolls, and heavy fabrication repair.

    Why Use Hard-Face Wire

    THF-700HT is designed for severe abrasion under moderate impact. The self-shielded flux core allows outdoor repair without external shielding gas, making it a reliable choice for field maintenance. Operators report a smooth arc, good slag release, and minimal spatter — critical when you’re rebuilding high-value components on tight downtime.


    Performance and Best Uses

    • Excellent metal recovery: high deposition rate and dense overlay.
    • Good for carbon or low-alloy base metals.
    • One-pass or multi-layer capable: each layer retains hardness after cooling.
    • Shielding gas required: 100% Co2 or 75/25 Argon/Co2, and run on DC-electrode positive polarity.

    Comparison Table

    ModelKey SpecsBest ForArcWeld StoreAmazon
    Washington Alloy THF-700HT-173.045 in (1.1 mm) × 33 lb • Flux-Cored • Hardness 55–60 HRC • DC+Rebuilding worn parts • Outdoor repairs • Earth-moving & crusher components Washington Alloy THF-700HT-173  Hard Face Flux-Cored Mig Wire .045 x 33 Lb. Spool “>View at Arc Weld StoreAmazon Listing

    Safety Notes

    Follow AWS A5.21 and manufacturer recommendations for fume extraction and ventilation. Use appropriate PPE: welding helmet (ANSI Z87.1), FR gloves, and sleeves. Hard-facing fumes may contain chromium and manganese — maintain air quality per OSHA 1910.252 standards.


    FAQ

    Q: Can this wire run on a 200 A MIG machine?
    A: Yes. It performs best between 180–250 A with 20–25 V, depending on feed speed.

    Q: Does it need a shielding gas?
    A: Yes. THF-700HT is gas-shielded flux-cored wire, use 100% CO2 or 75% Argon / 25% CO2

    Q: Can I machine the overlay afterward?
    A: Limited — the deposit is very hard. Use grinding rather than cutting tools.

    Q: What base metals work best?
    A: Mild or low-alloy steels — avoid high-carbon or hardened substrates without preheat.


    Where to Buy
    Washington Alloy THF-700HT-173  Hard Face Flux-Cored Mig Wire .045 x 33 Lb. Spool

    “>
    Washington Alloy THF-700HT-173  Hard Face Flux-Cored Mig Wire .045 x 33 Lb. Spool

    Washington Alloy THF-700HT-173 Hard Face Flux-Cored Mig Wire .045 x 33 Lb. Spool

    $330.76

    In Stock

    View Product


    If unavailable, there is a 10# version as well at:

    10-LB Spool .045″ Washington Alloy 700-HT Hardfacing/Hardsurfacing Flux-Cored Mig Wire
    • Hardsurfacing of rollers, conveyor screws, crusher rolls and mill hammers, tanks, truck bodies, farm implements, pipes, steel castings or forgings
    • 1- Each .045 x 10lb Spool (8″ Spool)
    • Hardness HRc: 58-61
    • Use Shielding gas: 100% Co2 OR (75/25 Argon/CO2)
    • DCEP – 150-180 Amp

    Last update on 2025-12-05 / Affiliate links / Images from Amazon Product Advertising API

    Disclosure: we may earn a small commission at no extra cost to you.)

  • Hypertherm SmartSYNC 30–45A Cartridge Review Guide

    Hypertherm SmartSYNC 30–45A Cartridge Review Guide
    An in-depth look at a game-changing consumable for CNC plasma cutting and manual fabrication

    Introduction

    The Hypertherm SmartSYNC 30–45A cartridge is a precision-engineered plasma cutting consumable designed to work with Hypertherm’s SYNC-compatible systems, including the Powermax 45 SYNCPowermax65 SYNC, Powermax85 SYNC, and Powermax105 SYNC. Unlike traditional five-piece consumable stacks, the SmartSYNC cartridge condenses nozzle, electrode, and swirl ring configurations into one single, intelligent component.

    This cartridge is ideal for manual plasma cutting, mechanized cutting, and gouging operations within the 30 to 45 amp range. It’s widely used by professional welders, fabricators, metal shop technicians, students, and engineers who require consistent arc quality, minimal downtime, and simplified consumable selection.

    Where precise, efficient cutting matters, this cartridge delivers improved performance with minimized operator error—making it a go-to option in both busy fabrication shops and mobile job sites.

    Types / Variants / Models

    Hypertherm SmartSYNC cartridges are color-coded and uniquely labeled to reflect their intended application. For the 30–45A range, the most relevant variants include:

    Cutting Cartridges (30–45A)
    – Color-coded: Yellow
    – Designed for standard plasma cutting on mild steel, stainless steel, and aluminum.
    – Used primarily in handheld or mechanized cutting modes.

    Gouging Cartridges (30–45A)
    – Color-coded: Green
    – Engineered for plasma gouging operations—removing welds or preparing joints.
    – Provides a smooth gouge profile with reduced spatter.

    FineCut® Cartridges (up to 45A)
    – Color-coded: Black
    – Made for precision cutting of thin metals where a narrow kerf and clean edge are essential.
    – Best for fabrication shops working on sheet metal or ornamental pieces.

    Each cartridge is process-specific, eliminating the trial and error of selecting between torch parts or matching incorrect consumables.

    Key Features and Specifications

    The SmartSYNC 30–45A cartridge is more than a consumable—it’s a technically advanced solution for optimizing plasma system performance.

    Amperage Range: 30–45 amps
    – Offers flexibility for medium-duty cutting and gouging tasks.

    SmartSYNC Compatibility:
    – Designed exclusively for Powermax SYNC systems (Powermax65, 85, 105 SYNC).
    – Enables automatic process setup, eliminating manual settings and wrong part configurations.

    All-in-One Design:
    – Replaces traditional five-piece consumables with one rotating cartridge, simplifying inventory and changeouts.

    Embedded RFID Technology:
    – Communicates cartridge type and usage data directly to the plasma power source.
    – Logs arc starts and time to assist with preventive maintenance.

    Certifications:
    CE, RoHS compliant, and designed to meet ISO 9001:2015 standards.
    – Ensures global safety, electrical, and environmental compliance.

    Precision Manufacturing:
    – Machined to tight tolerances for optimal arc stability and cut consistency—especially relevant for CNC plasma tables.

    Usage & Compatibility

    The SmartSYNC 30–45A cartridge is used primarily in plasma arc cutting systems, especially in manual hand-held torch setups and mechanized applications on CNC tables. It is not applicable to traditional SMAW (stick), GMAW (MIG), or GTAW (TIG) welding processes, but complements them in multiprocess fabrication environments.

    Compatible Machines:

    • Powermax45 SYNC
    • Powermax65 SYNC
    • Powermax85 SYNC
    • Powermax105 SYNC

    Benefits:

    Automatic setup means users don’t need to manually configure amperage or gas settings—perfect for less experienced welders.
    Minimized mistake rate when working under urgent production timelines or high throughput demands.
    Durable construction extends lifespan, reducing changeover frequency.

    Drawbacks:

    Not backward compatible with all non-SYNC Powermax models. They are compatible with Duramax torch systems, with an adapter.
    – Slightly higher upfront cost compared to traditional consumables (offset by longer operational life and fewer mistakes).

    Common Applications

    This cartridge is optimized for medium-duty industrial applications where precision and uptime are critical:

    Light structural fabrication
    Automotive bodywork and exhaust systems
    HVAC ductwork and assembly
    Farm equipment repair
    Sign fabrication with CNC tables
    Maintenance and repair operations (MRO)

    Its robust duty cycle and versatility across mild steel, stainless steel, and aluminum make it ideal for multi-metal environments.

    Tips & Best Practices

    Setup Tips:

    Always insert with the cartridge fully rotated and locked into place—incorrect seating can cause arc instability.
    – Use the SmartSYNC LCD screen (if equipped) to verify cartridge type before cutting.
    – For precision work, use the FineCut variant and reduce travel speed for minimal dross.

    Maintenance Tips:

    – Inspect the cartridge after 5–10 hours of arc time for signs of nozzle wear.
    – Use only a clean, dry air source—moisture or oil will reduce cartridge life.
    – Store cartridges in a dust-free, temperature-controlled environment to prevent contamination.

    Troubleshooting Common Issues:

    Inconsistent cut or gouge arc → Check for improper installation or worn electrode.
    Excessive dross → Replace with a new cartridge or evaluate travel speed/height.
    Torch error code → Verify you’re using a SYNC-supported machine and matching cartridge type.

    Conclusion

    The Hypertherm SmartSYNC 30–45A cartridge is a next-generation consumable that simplifies setup, improves cutting accuracy, and reduces downtime. Whether you’re a fabricator handling day-to-day cutting, a welding student learning precision arc control, or a field technician needing reliable gouging power, this cartridge delivers unmatched performance.

    Its intelligent chip technology, durable build, and simplified design help maintain productivity even in demanding shop or field environments.

    Key takeaway: If you’re using a Powermax SYNC system and regularly operate within the 30–45A range, upgrading to the SmartSYNC cartridge system can dramatically improve both performance and simplicity.

    Affiliate Call to Action

    Last update on 2025-12-05 / Affiliate links / Images from Amazon Product Advertising API

    Check the latest price and availability on Amazon to ensure you’re stocked up with the right cartridge for your cutting needs.

    Note to Readers:
    This post may contain affiliate links. If you purchase through them, we may earn a small commission at no cost to you. Thank you for supporting our site.

  • Welding Science: MIG vs TIG vs Stick Cost per Foot

    Welding Science: MIG vs TIG vs Stick Cost per Foot

    The Science of Welding: MIG, TIG, and Stick Compared – Plus the Real Cost Per Foot of Weld


    Introduction

    In the world of metal fabrication, welding is both art and a science. Understanding not just how to weld but why certain processes work better—and cost less—in specific scenarios is essential for:

    • Welders are optimizing efficiency in the booth.
    • Engineers and designers make process-specific decisions during material selection.
    • Fabrication buyers and project managers estimate costs accurately and competitively.

    From the molecular thermodynamics of arc formation to the economic reality of consumables, each welding process—MIG (GMAW), TIG (GTAW), and Stick (SMAW)—brings trade-offs that can dramatically affect weld quality and cost per foot.

    In this guide, we’ll break down:

    • The science behind MIG, TIG, and Stick welding.
    • How variables like speed, consumable use, and labor affect cost per linear foot.
    • Real-world cost breakdowns and comparisons—to help you make informed decisions and reduce waste.

    The Science of Welding Processes


    🔌 MIG Welding (GMAW) – High Speed, Low Cost

    Science Behind the Process:

    • Arc Formation: A continuous solid wire is fed through a MIG gun, producing an electric arc between the wire and base metal.
    • Shielding Gas: Typically a mix of argon and CO₂ to protect the weld zone from atmospheric contamination.
    • Filler Metal Transfer: Spray or short-circuit transfer, depending on settings and thickness.

    Molecular Level Insight:

    • The arc melts both the electrode and base metal, fusing them at a localized point as electrons bombard the joint.
    • Shielding gas prevents oxygen and nitrogen from contaminating the weld pool, which is crucial for metallurgy.

    Strengths:

    • High deposition rate and travel speed.
    • Easy to learn and automate.
    • Ideal for production shops and thin to mid-thickness steel.

    Weaknesses:

    • Requires shielding gas, limiting portability.
    • Less suitable for windy outdoor environments or dirty/oxidized metal.

    TIG Welding (GTAW) – Precision and Cleanliness

    Science Behind the Process:

    • Non-Consumable Tungsten Electrode creates the arc without melting itself.
    • Filler rod is added manually (or autogenously).
    • Shielded with pure argon (and sometimes helium blends).

    Precision Metallurgy:

    • Arc is extremely focused—ideal for very thin materials and dissimilar metals.
    • Allows precise control of heat input, reducing heat-affected zones (HAZ) and distortion.

    Strengths:

    • Produces the highest quality and cleanest welds.
    • Ideal for aluminum, stainless steel, nickel alloys, and precision aerospace components.

    Weaknesses:

    • Slowest process—low deposition rate.
    • Skill-intensive; long arc-on time per weld.
    • Highest cost per foot.

    Stick Welding (SMAW) – Versatility and Ruggedness

    Science Behind the Process:

    • Uses a flux-coated consumable electrode.
    • An arc is created between the electrode tip and the base metal.
    • Flux burns off to create shielding gas and leaves a protective slag layer.

    Molecular Dynamics:

    • Flux deoxidizes and scavenges impurities in the weld pool.
    • Slag forms a protective crust, improves cooling rates, and must be chipped away after the weld.

    Strengths:

    • Works in windy/outdoor settings without shielding gas.
    • Lower upfront equipment costs.
    • Suitable for structural steel, piping, and field repairs.

    Weaknesses:

    • Slower than MIG, more cleanup.
    • Stub loss and slag introduce waste.
    • Arc-on time is lower than GMAW.

    Welding Variables That Impact Cost

    To get to the real cost per foot, consider these key variables:

    Variable MIG (GMAW) TIG (GTAW) Stick (SMAW)
    Travel Speed Fast Slow Medium
    Deposition Rate High Low Medium
    Consumable Efficiency High (~90–95%) Moderate (~75%) Lower (~60% with stub loss)
    Power Usage Moderate High Moderate
    Labor Skill Level Moderate High Moderate
    Cleanup/Rework Minimal Minimal Significant (slag chipping)

    Cost Breakdown Per Foot of Weld

    Let’s compute the average cost per linear foot using common practices, consumables, and hourly wage estimates.

    📌 Assumptions:

    • Labor rate: $40/hour
    • Electricity: $0.12/kWh
    • Mild steel or stainless steel applications
    • Weld size: 1/4” fillet weld, 12” long

    🧮 MIG Welding Cost Example

    Consumable & Indirect Costs:

    Item Cost Estimate
    Wire (ER70S-6) $2.50/lb; ~0.035 lb/ft = $0.09
    Shielding gas $1.00/CFH; ~35 CFH ≈ $0.12/ft
    Power 4 kW/hr @ 12 in/min = ~0.067 kWh = $0.01
    Labor 12 in/min = 1 ft/min = $0.67/ft
    Total per Foot ⚙ $0.89/ft

    🧮 TIG Welding Cost Example

    Consumable & Indirect Costs:

    Item Cost Estimate
    Filler (ER308L rod) $12/lb; ~0.045 lb/ft = $0.54/ft
    Argon (pure) $1.10/CFH @ 20 CFH = $0.18/ft
    Power 5 kW/hr @ 6 in/min = ~0.167 kWh = $0.02
    Labor 6 in/min = 2 min/ft = **$1.34/
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