If you’ve ever wondered “Which rod should I use?” this guide breaks down the differences in arc characteristics, penetration, polarity, strength, and code applications.

Key Takeaways

• 6010 = deep penetration, fast-freeze, open-root king
• 7018 = high-strength, low-hydrogen, structural standard
• 6010 runs on DCEP only (most cases)
• 7018 runs on DCEP or AC depending on formulation
• 6010 great for pipe roots; 7018 dominates final passes and code work
• 7018 requires low-hydrogen storage (rod oven)

Electrode Number Meaning

Understanding the AWS code helps explain performance.

6010

• 60 → 60,000 psi tensile strength
• 1 → all positions
• 0 → cellulose sodium coating (deep penetration)

7018

• 70 → 70,000 psi tensile strength
• 1 → all positions
• 8 → low-hydrogen iron powder coating

Arc Characteristics

6010

• Aggressive, digging arc
• Deep penetration on dirty, rusty, or painted steel
• Fast-freeze puddle (good for open roots)
• Tight, narrow bead
• Strong keyhole control

7018

• Smooth, stable arc
• Softer puddle with less digging
• Easy to stack uniform, wide beads
• Higher deposition rate
• Excellent appearance

Penetration & Puddle Behavior

Polarity Requirements

6010

• Runs best on DCEP (reverse polarity)
• Many brands only run correctly on DCEP

7018

• Runs on DCEP
• Many versions available as AC-only rods
• 7018AC designed for buzz-box machines

Strength & Mechanical Properties

Best Applications

6010 – Use When You Need:

• Root passes on pipe
• Welding through mill scale or contaminants
• Deep penetration on structural members
• Open-gap joints
• Fast, controlled root keyholing

7018 – Use When You Need:

• Final passes on structural work
• Code-quality welds (AWS D1.1, ASME, etc.)
• High-strength welds with low hydrogen
• Clean steel
• Smooth, aesthetically clean beads

Storage & Handling Differences

6010

• No rod oven required
• Tolerates moisture well

7018

• Must be stored in a rod oven after opening
• Cannot be used if exposed to moisture
• Hydrogen pickup increases crack risk

Which One Should You Use?

Use 6010 if:

• You’re doing pipe roots
• The steel is dirty or rusty
• You need fast-freeze control
• You need maximum penetration

Use 7018 if:

• You’re doing structural or pressure code work
• You need low-hydrogen welds
• You want smooth, strong cap passes
• The steel is clean and prepped

Most pipeline welders run 6010 for roots and 7018 for hot passes and caps.

Where to Buy Electrodes

ArcWeld Store:
6010

7018

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Safety Notes (AWS/ANSI References)

• Follow ANSI Z49.1 for SMAW PPE and ventilation
• Wear Z87.1-rated eye and face protection
• Use proper ventilation—stick welding generates significant fumes
• Handle 7018 rods per AWS low-hydrogen storage guidelines
• Avoid welding 7018 rods that have absorbed moisture

FAQ

Can you run 6010 on AC?
Some machines attempt it, but results are inconsistent. DCEP is required for proper performance.

Is 7018 stronger than 6010?
Yes. 7018 is a 70 ksi tensile electrode vs. 60 ksi for 6010.

Can beginners start with 7018?
7018 is easier to run cleanly, but its slag can hide defects. 6010 teaches puddle control.

What rod is best for dirty steel?
6010—hands down.